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Henry FordКраткое описание документа Henry FordIn 1913 Ford began using standardized interchangeable parts and assembly- line techniques in his plant. Although Ford neither originated nor was the first to employ such practices, he was chiefly responsible fo
Ford was born on a farm near Dearborn, Michigan, on July 30, 1863, and
educated in district schools. He became a machinist"s apprentice in Detroit
at the age of 16. From 1888 to 1899 he was a mechanical engineer, and later
chief engineer, with the Edison Illuminating Company. In 1893, after
experimenting for several years in his leisure hours, he completed the
construction of his first automobile, and in 1903 he founded the Ford Motor Automobile Production In 1913 Ford began using standardized interchangeable parts and assembly- line techniques in his plant. Although Ford neither originated nor was the first to employ such practices, he was chiefly responsible for their general adoption and for the consequent great expansion of American industry and the raising of the American standard of living. By early 1914 this innovation, although greatly increasing productivity, had resulted in a monthly labor turnover of 40 to 60 percent in his factory, largely because of the unpleasant monotony of assembly-line work and repeated increases in the production quotas assigned to workers. Ford met this difficulty by doubling the daily wage then standard in the industry, raising it from about $2.50 to $5. The net result was increased stability in his labor force and a substantial reduction in operating costs. These factors, coupled with the enormous increase in output made possible by new technological methods, led to an increase in company profits from $30 million in 1914 to $60 million in 1916. In 1908 the Ford company initiated production of the celebrated Model T. Labor Problems In the period from 1937 to 1941, the Ford company became the only major
manufacturer of automobiles in the Detroit area that had not recognized any
labor union as the collective bargaining representative of employees. At
hearings before the National Labor Relations Board Ford was found guilty of
repeated violations of the National Labor Relations Act. The findings
against him were upheld on appeal to the federal courts. Ford was
constrained to negotiate a standard labor contract after a successful
strike by the workers at his main plant at River Rouge, Michigan, in April Wartime Production Early in 1941 Ford was granted government contracts whereby he was, at
first, to manufacture parts for bombers and, later, the entire airplane. He
thereupon launched the construction of a huge plant at Willow Run, Other Activities Ford was active in several other fields besides those of automobile and
airplane manufacturing. In 1915 he chartered a peace ship, which carried
him and a number of like-minded individuals to Europe, where they attempted
without success to persuade the belligerent governments to end World War I. Advancing age obliged Ford to retire from the active direction of his
gigantic enterprises in 1945. He died on April 7, 1947, in Dearborn. Ford
left a personal fortune estimated at $500 to $700 million, bequeathing the
largest share of his holdings in the Ford Motor Company to the Ford ВОСТОЧНЫЙ ЛИЦЕЙ REFERAT и На тему: Выполнил учащийся 1 курса экономического отделения Барабанкин Сергей. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk 1999 |
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